问题描述
是否可以从字符串加载python函数,然后用参数调用该函数并获取返回值?
我正在使用Python C API从我的C ++应用程序内部运行Python代码.我可以使用PyImport_Import从文件加载模块,使用PyObject_GetAttrString从该模块中获取函数对象,并使用PyObject_CallObject调用该函数.我想做的是从字符串而不是文件加载模块/函数.是否有等同于PyImport_Import,可以让我将其传递给字符串而不是文件?我需要将参数传递给我正在调用的函数,并且需要访问返回值,因此我不能仅使用PyRun_SimpleString.
编辑:
我在打开PyRun_String后找到了这个解决方案.我正在创建一个新的模块,获取其字典对象,并在调用PyRun_String中传递该模块,以在我的新模块中定义一个函数,然后获取该新创建的函数的函数对象,并通过PyObject_CallObject,通过我的args.这就是我发现解决问题的原因: main.cpp
int main() { PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pArgs, *pValue, *pFunc; PyObject *pGlobal = PyDict_New(); PyObject *pLocal; //Create a new module object PyObject *pNewMod = PyModule_New("mymod"); Py_Initialize(); PyModule_AddStringConstant(pNewMod, "__file__", ""); //Get the dictionary object from my module so I can pass this to PyRun_String pLocal = PyModule_GetDict(pNewMod); //Define my function in the newly created module pValue = PyRun_String("def blah(x):\n\tprint 5 * x\n\treturn 77\n", Py_file_input, pGlobal, pLocal); Py_DECREF(pValue); //Get a pointer to the function I just defined pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pNewMod, "blah"); //Build a tuple to hold my arguments (just the number 4 in this case) pArgs = PyTuple_New(1); pValue = PyInt_FromLong(4); PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pValue); //Call my function, passing it the number four pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); Py_DECREF(pArgs); printf("Returned val: %ld\n", PyInt_AsLong(pValue)); Py_DECREF(pValue); Py_XDECREF(pFunc); Py_DECREF(pNewMod); Py_Finalize(); return 0; }
这是我原始帖子的其余部分,剩下的后代:
这是我最初在做的事情: main.cpp:
#include <Python.h> int main() { PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pArgs, *pValue, *pFunc; Py_Initialize(); PyRun_SimpleString("import sys"); PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append('')"); pName = PyString_FromString("atest"); pModule = PyImport_Import(pName); Py_DECREF(pName); if(pModule == NULL) { printf("PMod is null\n"); PyErr_Print(); return 1; } pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "doStuff"); pArgs = PyTuple_New(1); pValue = PyInt_FromLong(4); PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pValue); pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); Py_DECREF(pArgs); printf("Returned val: %ld\n", PyInt_AsLong(pValue)); Py_DECREF(pValue); Py_XDECREF(pFunc); Py_DECREF(pModule); Py_Finalize(); return 0; }
和atest.py:
def doStuff( x): print "X is %d\n" % x return 2 * x
推荐答案
PyRun_String在Python C API中可能是您想要的.请参阅: a>
其他推荐答案
问题中包含的答案非常好,但是我使用 python 3.5 ,因此要拯救其他人做我所做的事情,下面是一个略微编辑的版本,至少对此版本的Python来说正常工作:
#include <Python.h> int main(void) { PyObject *pArgs, *pValue, *pFunc, *pModule, *pGlobal, *pLocal; Py_Initialize(); pGlobal = PyDict_New(); //Create a new module object pModule = PyModule_New("mymod"); PyModule_AddStringConstant(pModule, "__file__", ""); //Get the dictionary object from my module so I can pass this to PyRun_String pLocal = PyModule_GetDict(pModule); //Define my function in the newly created module pValue = PyRun_String("def blah(x):\n\ty = x * 5\n\treturn y\n", Py_file_input, pGlobal, pLocal); //pValue would be null if the Python syntax is wrong, for example if (pValue == NULL) { if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); } return 1; } //pValue is the result of the executing code, //chuck it away because we've only declared a function Py_DECREF(pValue); //Get a pointer to the function I just defined pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "blah"); //Double check we have actually found it and it is callable if (!pFunc || !PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) { if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); } fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find function \"blah\"\n"); return 2; } //Build a tuple to hold my arguments (just the number 4 in this case) pArgs = PyTuple_New(1); pValue = PyLong_FromLong(4); PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pValue); //Call my function, passing it the number four pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); fprintf(stdout, "Returned value: %ld\n", PyLong_AsLong(pValue)); Py_DECREF(pValue); Py_XDECREF(pFunc); Py_Finalize(); return 0; }
其他推荐答案
这个问题很旧,但是,如果有人仍在尝试弄清楚这一点(就像我一样),我会提供我的答案.
@kmp工作的原始答案和更新的答案可用于简单示例,但是当将import语句介绍到代码中时,这是不起作用的.
我在这里找到了一个有效的示例: https://WASU.com/weblog/embedding-python/writing-a-c-wrapper-library-part3/
简称(使用Python 3.6 API):
- 阅读以下内容的python文件:
std::string line, text; std::ifstream in("the_file.py"); while (std::getline(in, line)) { text += line + "\n"; } const char *data = text.c_str();
- 将其编译为字节:
PyObject *pCodeObj = Py_CompileString(data, "", Py_file_input);
- 通过执行代码来创建模块:
pModule = PyImport_ExecCodeModule("the_module", pCodeObj );
然后,您可以通过使用PyObject_GetAttrString获得功能并在上面的示例中调用它们来继续.