sql server：必要时在外键上创建索引[英] sql server : create indexes on foreign keys where necessary

问题描述

I have lots of tables with foreign keys and some have an index while others have not. All foreign keys are named FK_<name of the foreign key> with indexes named IX_<name of the foreign key>.

Are there some good practices, given the column cardinality of the foreign key, to create (or not) indexes ? Could this be scripted as T-SQL commands ?

推荐答案

It does not matter if they are created via a T-SQL Script or via the Designer. Your question is a little ambiguous, so I am unsure if you are also asking if it is okay to index all of the foreign keys. However, if you are, indexes should be created on columns that are referenced frequently in queries and you can do the following to improve performance:

• Run the database tuning wizard which will supply a summary of improvements and recommend indexes.

• Index all of the foreign keys and run the execution plan (To see if queries are performing faster or slower).

To create an index via T-SQL:

CREATE INDEX IX_INDEX_NAME
ON Table (FieldName); 

To get a list of all Foreign keys:

SELECT f.name AS ForeignKey, 
 OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) AS TableName, 
 COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName, 
 OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id) AS ReferenceTableName, 
 COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) AS ReferenceColumnName 
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS f 
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc 
ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id

To generate a script that applies indexes across all foreign keys you could do this:

SELECT 'CREATE INDEX [IX_' + f.name + '] ON ' + OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) + '(' + COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) + ')]'
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS f 
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc 
ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188783.aspx

其他推荐答案

Great work everyone, very helpful.

Adding an enhancement that includes the table schema. You can also exclude FK names if you prefer (I tend not to add indexes on small tables)

SELECT
    * 
FROM 
(
    SELECT TOP 99 PERCENT
            f.name AS ForeignKeyName

        , s.name 
                + '.'
                + OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) 
                + '.'
                + COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) 
            ParentTable

        , referencedSchema.name
                + '.'
                + OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id)
                + '.'
                + COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id)
            ReferencedTable

        , 'CREATE INDEX [IX_' + f.name + ']'
                + ' ON ' 
                    + '[' + referencedSchema.name + ']'
                    + '.'
                    + '[' + OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) + ']'
                    + '(' 
                        + COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) 
                    + ')'
            CreateIndexSql          

    FROM 
        sys.foreign_keys AS f 
        INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id
        inner join sys.schemas s on f.schema_id = s.schema_id

        inner join sys.tables referencedTable on f.referenced_object_id = referencedTable.object_id
        inner join sys.schemas referencedSchema on referencedTable.schema_id = referencedSchema.schema_id

    ORDER BY
        2, 3, 1 
) a
where a.ParentTable not in (
    -- Add any exclusions here so you can forget about them
      ''
)